ECM No Communication Issues
The source of the problem could be software, electrical or mechanical.
Air Filters and Fuel Trim Diagnostics
As engine conditions change, fuel trims will change. Here’s what you need to know to diagnose modern engine problems.
Understanding 5-Volt Reference Signals
Author Gary Goms provides two real-world examples of how two- and three-wire sensors can cause an intermittent rich operating condition.
LTF and STF Fuel Trim Feedback Loops: Rich, Lean and in Between
Air/fuel ratios can range from 13:1 to 22:1, but no matter what the ratio, there’s a fuel trim cell that addresses them.
